2.2 Comparison of an Animal Cell and Plant Cell

Similarities of Animal Cell and Plant Cell

Both animal cells and plant cells have

1. plasma membrane
2. nucleus with nucleic bounded by nuclear membrane
3. cytoplasm
4. ribosome
5. mitochondria
6. golgi apparatus
7. endoplasmic recticulum

Cell Wall

Animal Cells: Absent

Plant Cells: Present

Cytoplasm

Animal Cells: Present throughout the cell.

Plant Cells: Present, but usually confined to a thin layer at the edge of the cell.

Chloroplast

Animal Cells: Absent

Plant Cells: Present

Vacuole

Animal Cells: Present in some animall cells. Normally small and distributed throughout the cell.

Plant Cells: Present. Large and filled with cell sap.

Nucleus

Animal Cells: Normally in the middle of the cell

Plant Cells: Normally at the edge of the cell

Lysosome

Animal Cells: Present

Plant Cells: Normally absent

Centriole

Animal Cells: Present

Plant Cells: Absent

Storage Granule

Animal Cells: Mainly as glicogen

Plant Cells: Mainly as starch

Shape

Animal Cells: Do not have fixed shape

Plant Cells: Have fixed shape

Size

Animal Cells: Usually smaller than plant cell

Plant Cells: Usually bigger than animall cell

Cilia and Flagella

Animal Cells: Present (Usually)

Plant Cells: Absent

Secretion

Animal Cells: Produces a variety of secretions.

Plant Cells: Produces few secretions.

2.1 Cell, Cellular Components and Their Function

Theory of Cell

1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells ..
2. Cells are the fundamental and structural unit of life.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Non-organelle Structures of Cell

1. Plasma membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Cell wall (plant cell only)

Organelle Structures of a Cell

1. Nucleus
2. Endoplasmic Recticulum
3. Mitochondrion
4. Ribosom
5. Golgi apparatus
6. Vacuole
7. Chloroplast (plant cell only)

Plama Membrane

1. Separates the content of the cell from its external environment.
2. Regulates the movement of substances entering and leaving the cell.
3. Allows the exchange of nutrients, respiratory gases and wastes products between the cell and its environment

Cytoplasm

1. Maintain the shape of the cell.
2. Acts as a medium for the biochemical reactions occur within the cell
3. Storing chemical substances such as glicogen granules (in animal cells), starch granules (inplant cells) and enzymes.
4. Stores a variety of organelle.

Cell Wall

1. Support the cell and the plant.
2. Maintain the shape of the cell.
3. Prevents the cell from bursting when too much water enters the cell through osmosis.
4. Allows substances to move through it.

Endoplasmic Recticulum (ER)

Rough Endoplasmic Recticulum:

• Transporting the newly synthesised protein.
• Involve in the systhesis of protein.
• Provides surface for chemical reaction

Smooth Endoplasmic Recticulum:

• Transporting lipids and glycerols.
• Synthesising lipids and other non-protein substances.

Mitochonrion

1. Produces ATP (Adenosine triphosphate.)
2. Site of energy production through cellular respiration..

Ribosomes

Site for synthesising protein.

Golgi Apparatus

• Site for the production of enzyme and lysosome.
• Produces polysacharides, glycoproteins and secretory enzyme.
• Storing and modifying carbohydrate and glycoprotein.
• Transport and store lipid.

Chloroplast

Contain chlorophyll and hence a site for photosynthesis to take place.

Biology Chapter 2

Table of Content

2.1a Cellular Components and Their Function
2.1b Comparison of an Animal Cell and Plant Cell
2.1c Relationship between Densities of Cwetain organelles with the Function of Specific Cell
2.2a Cell Organisation - Unicellular and Multicellular Organism
2.2b Human Organ System
2.2c The internal Environment of Multicellular Organism